فصلنامه کومش
سال یازدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 35، بهار 1389)

In nursing teaching, clinical field is where students can use from new information and skills and attention to professional values that students need them for work in clinical field. Propose of this study is assessment of information needs of nursing students in emergency wards. ّFindings of this study can influence on clinical teaching quality, better management of patients by nursing students, reduction of patient stay and increase patients satisfaction. This descriptive-analytic survey was done on 131 pre graduating nursing students. We used a specific questionnaire and the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics bilateral and two variable correlation test in significant level of 1%. Findings showed 90. 8% of students have high need to clinical information. There was a significant correlation between diagnostic and treatment needs (P<0. 001, r = 0. 34). Also there was a significant correlation between awareness of direction office affairs and awareness of admission for patients assent. There was a meaningful correlation between dead persons transfer and awareness of modicolegal affairs for unfamiliar corpse (P<0. 001, r = 0. 599). Finally, the students asked a few questions about organizational or management systems and also legal issues. Conclsuion: On the basis of findings of the present study, it is necessary to include some important issues about legal concerns and organizational and management information of emergency medicine in curriculum of nursing student. Applications of findings of this study can improve quality of students nusing training and, in turn, nursing services to patient in emergency ward.

Asthma is the most common chronic disorder in children and is more prevalent in children 5-10 years of age. The prevalence of childhood asthma has increased in recent years. Food allergy has been implicated as a risk factor for asthma. In this study, we determined the prevalence of food allergy and associated factors in asthmatic children less than 18 years of age.

In this Cross-sectional study, we studied 298 asthmatic children less than 18 years of age in Semnan (Iran) in 2007-2008, who were diagnosed according to physical examination and history. Skin prick test was performed for all of participants and a questionnaire was filled out. Wheals of 3 millimeter and flares of 10 millimeters larger than negative control was regarded as a positive test.

35.9 %(95% Confidence Interval: 30.5-41.3%) of asthmatic children showed sensitization to at least one of the principal allergenic foods (wheat, rice, peanut, egg, soya and cow milk). Prevalence of food allergy in asthmatic children under 18 years of age had significant association with gender, birth weight, history of other allergies, family history of allergy, type of coexistent allergy and age of initiation of symptoms, age of introduction of complementary feeding, consumption of cow milk before one year of age and also duration of breast feeding(P<0.05).

these finding showed that the prevalence of food allergy in asthmatic children is high. There is significant association between food allergy and use of cow's milk before one year of age, low birth weight, short breast feeding period, male gender, history of other allergies in the patient and close relatives, early age of initiation of symptoms and also introduction of complementary foods before six month of age. Thus, we should have particular attention on food allergens in such kind of patients, until they outgrown their food allergies. This is the optimum way for controlling asthma in these people.

During recent years, despite remarkable advances in medicine and survival rates of premature infants, they still suffer from neurological disability and abnormal development. Based on theories, complementary cares are necessary for growth and development in preterm infants, and neurobehavioral function provide by appropriate infant stimulations. The aim of this research is to study the effects of holly Quran recitation on physiological responses in premature infants.

In a randomized control trail and double blind study, from August through September 2009, 120 premature infants who admitted to the NICU of Shahid Akbarabadi hospital, Tehran and had inclusion criteria of this study, were randomly assigned to two groups: control group and holly Quran recitation group, and observed for three dependent variables; oxygen saturation levels, heart rate, respiration rate. Holly Quran recitation was including 20 minutes recitation of Yusuf Quranic chapters, by Shahhat Mohammad Anvar sound that was played for experimental group via headphone on the morning shift. The volume range was 50-60 db. Two groups were observed for physiological responses from 10 minutes before to 10 minutes after intervention by monitor, and recorded numerous before and 10,20,30 minutes after beginning of intervention, were used to analysis.

Our results showed that the mean of respiratory and heart rate significantly decreased and oxygen saturation levels increased in Quran group as compared to the basic measurement and this changes continued to 10 minutes after intervention (P<0.001). The mean change of three variables in the end of intervention and after 10 minutes was Significantly different between two groups (P<0.001).

Holly Quran recitation can be used as a complementary and supportive care to improve of physiologic state in premature infant; because it affects on the physiological responses in premature infants comprising oxygen saturation level, respiration and heart rate.

Many researches have dealt with the relationship between stuttering and different linguistic factors. This study investigates the effect of syntactic complexity on the amount of speech dysfluency in stuttering Persian-speaking children, and comparing them with the non-stuttering ones. The obtained results can pave the way to obtain a better knowledge of the nature of stuttering, as well as finding more suitable ways in the process of its treatment.

The participants were 10 stuttering and 10 non-stuttering Persian-speaking and monolingual children in the age range of 4-6 which were matched by age and gender. First 30 minutes sample of child's spontaneous speech was provided and then utterances of each child studied for the amount of dysfluency and syntactic complexity.

In both groups of stuttering and non-stuttering children, there was a significant difference for the amount of dysfluency between simple and complex sentences.

The results of this study show that by increase of syntactic complexity at the spontaneous speech level, stuttering and non-stuttering children had more dysfluency amount. Also, by increase of syntactic complexity, stuttering children had more dysfluency amount than non-stuttering children.

Estimation of target dose with high precision is a key goal in pharmaceutical studies that achieving this goal depends greatly on an efficient design. One of these adequate designs is adaptive design. The median effective dose is an important dose that is criterion for assessment the power of a medicine. The purpose of this study was estimation of the median effective dose of anti spasmodic medicine in adaptive design and comparison the precision of the estimation with conventional parallel design.

Seventy guinea pigs were divided into seven groups (n=10) and each group was studied for one dose. One of the adaptive designs that uses frequently in pharmaceutical studies is up-and-down design. In this design, the number of samples in each dose was determined. Then for estimation of median effective dose, we used a method of the combination of dose-response logistic, dose-response log-linear, linear and Emax models and R software was used for data analysis.

In parallel design, number of samples in each dose was 10, but in adaptive design, number of samples in and doses was 21 and other doses were 7. MSE in parallel design was 59 and in adaptive design were 21. Estimation of median effective dose in dose-response logistic was, in dose-response log-linear, in Emax and in linear model was. Using combination of the four models in adaptive design, median effective dose was estimated.

In addition to flexibility of adaptive design that concentrates the allocation of observations near the target dose, it seems this design is more efficient than parallel design in medicinal studies.

Parkinson s disease (PD) is a common progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which its onset is later in adults and it s incidence increases in people aged between 55 and 60 years. Dexterity, because of it s role at upper extremity function and person independency in function, is assessed in rehabilitation. Purdue- Pegboard test often is used in rehabilitation clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to determine the test-retest reliability and practice effects of the Purdue Pegboard test in persons with PD.

24 PD patients aging 50-89 of both sexes were non-randomly selected from rehabilitation clinics and hospitals of Tehran. A demographic questionnaire was used for documenting patient s general data and the Purdue pegboard test and a timer were used for determining of reliability. Each subtest was administered three times in a row. The time distance between test and retest was one week.

The relative reliability in repeated measures was above 90% in different items of Purdue pegboard test in single and mean of testes in off phase, thus indicates an excellent reliability. The absolute reliability (SEM) was lower than 10% of maximum obtained scores at each subtest in one and three trial of test that indicates acceptable errors of measurement.

The results of the present study indicate that Purdue Pegboard test is enough reliable in evaluating a manual dexterity of Parkinson patients in drug on- phase

Helicobactr pylori (H.pylori) infection is related to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer and duodenal ulcer. Thus, identification and treatment of the infection has a considerable importance. The aim of this study was to compare three methods of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), culture and rapid urease test (RUT) in identification of Helicobactr pylori in gastric biopsy specimens.

263 patients (157 woman and 106 man) who suffering from digestive complaints and referred to the endoscopy department of Hajar Hospital in Sharkord (2007, Iran) were participated in the study. Three gastric biopsy samples were collected from each patient. Samples were examined by standard RUT and culture methods for diagnosis of H. pylori. PCR was used for diagnosis of ureC gene.

Out of 263 patients, 36.49%, 9.50%, 13.30%, 9.48% and 5.50% had criteria gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, esophagitis and gastric cancer, respectively. H.pylori infection was diagnosed in 54.37%, 31.94% and 84.79% of the patients by RUT, culture and PCR method, respectively.

Findings of this study indicated that PCR has a greater sensitivity rather than rapid urease test and culture methods for diagnosis of H.pylori.

The residual shortening of limb is the major cause of gait disturbances in Legg-Calre-Perthes (LCP) disease.This study was a probing of limb length discrepancy after puberty by perfect method of teteroentgenogram in these patients.

Residual shortening was measured by above method following completion of skeletal maturity in 46 patients and then the data were analyzed by computerized method. The patients were divided into three equal groups that they were treated by varus femoral osteotomy (FVO), abduction orthosis (AO) and untreated, respectively.

The residual shortening was significantly more in AO group than FVO group and it was surprisingly a little more than the untreated group. The length of femur was identical in three groups (12.5, 11.1 and 10.4 millimeters, respectively). The length of ipsilateral tibia was significantly different (2.8 mm shortening for AO group, 1.6 mm lengthening for FVO group and 1mm lengthening for untreated group).

Overgrowth of ipsilateral tibia seems to be the leading cause of less limb discrepancy in FVO group and disuse atrophy seems to be the major reason for significant discrepancy in AO group which was somehow worse than untreated patients.

One important factor of fatigue occurrence among athletes, following heavy sport activities, especially sports activities with short time and the maximum speed and intensity, is the accumulation of lactic acid in blood. The need for athletes to achieve natural conditions and to prepare for the next activities, methods of disposal lactic acid are very important. The purpose of this study was to study the effects of passive and active recovery with a severity of 55, 60 and 65 percent of maximum heart rate, on levels of blood lactic acid.

This semi-experimental study was carried by 60 male athlete's students who were divided randomly to four groups. The first group included 15 subjects of group programs for passive recovery and the second, third and fourth groups off the state quarter program for active recovery with highly active 55, 60 and 65 percent of maximum heart rate, respectively. Groups acting Cunningham test began to test blood lactic acid in four stages (before the activity, immediately after the activity, 5 and 20 minute period recovery). The measurement was done by a hand lacto – meter.

The mean amount of blood lactic acid during resting time in four groups and also immediately after the activity was not significant, but 5 minutes after recovery as well as 20 minutes after recovery difference between groups was significant (P<0.001). Mean blood lactic acid 20 minutes after recovery of passive group was significantly higher and that of group with 60 percent maximum heart rate was significantly lower (P<0.001) than other groups. Also the rate of the decrease in lactic acid level within 5 to 20 minutes after recovery in group with 60% maximum heart rate was significantly more than group 55%. The rate of decrease with group 65% maximum heart rate was shown to be significantly more than group 55% with maximum heart rate (p <0.001).

Our findings showed that active recovery from supramaximal exercise had a better effect than passive mode in reducing blood lactate levels in male athletes. Moreover, active recovery with a rate of 60 percent of maximum heart rate had a better effect than those of 55 or 65% maximum heart rat.

Cox regression model is one of the statistical methods in survival analysis. Proportionality of hazard rate is an assumption of this model. In the recent decades, artificial neural network (ANN) model has increasingly used in survival prediction. This study aimed to predict the survival probability of Gastric cancer patients using Cox regression and ANN models. In this historical-cohort study, information of total of 436 gastric cancer patients with adenocarcinomas pathology who underwent surgery at the Taleghani hospital of Tehran between 2002 and 2007 were included. Data were divided to training and testing (or validation) groups, randomly. The Cox regression model (semi-parametric model) and a three layer ANN model were used for analyzing of database. Furthermore, the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and classification accuracy were used to compare these models. Prediction accuracy of ANN and Cox regression models were 81.51% and 72.60%, respectively. In addition, AUROC of ANN and Cox regression models were 0.826 and 0.754, respectively. ANN was better than Cox regression model in terms of AUROC and accuracy of prediction. Therefore, ANN model is recommended for prediction of survival probability. These finding are very important in health research, particularly in allocation of medical resources for patients who predicted as high-risks

Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have twice the risk for metabolic syndrome as compared to women from the general population. Mothers and sisters of affected women also have an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in fathers of patients with PCOS.

34 fathers of PCOS patients were evaluated. The control group was 34 fathers of normal women. The data were obtained from the clinical history and personal interview with the patients, the controls and their fathers at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2009. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was determined according to Adult Treatment Panel index III (ATPIII) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. Also incidence of hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance test, insulin resistance and diabetes type II were considered in both groups.

According to ATPIII and IDF criteria, the prevalence of metabolic disorders was 29.35% and 41.17 in the fathers of the PCOS patients and 8.85% and 11.76 % in the fathers of the control group, respectively (p <0.008 and p<0.007, respectively). Also incidence of hypertension and impaired glcose tolerance test was significantly higher in fathers of the PCOS patients than control group (p< 0.05.

Our findings indicate that the fathers of women with PCOS have higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome and higher risk of developing hypertension and impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes.